Method of and apparatus for photographic composition



Feb. 18, R H TURNER ET AL METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR PHOTOGRAPHICCOMPOSITION Filed March 25., 1938 2 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTORS FHA/$0M [i7F/ENER 451%) M4 ILL/S P z. ATTORNEYS Feb. 18, 1941. R TURNER ETAL2,231,972

METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC COMPOSITION Filed March 23,1938 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 ATTORNEYS Patented Feb. 18, 1941 UNITED STATESPATENT OFFICE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR PHOTO- GRAPHIC CODIPOSITIONration oi New York Application March 23, 1938, Serial No. 197,702 InSwitzerland May 24, 1937 22 Claims.

The present invention relates to a method of and apparatus forphotographically producing type matter for printing processes, whichmethod and apparatus may be convenientlyadapted to matrix line composingand slug casting machines of the usual and well known kinds by replacingthe casting devices of such machines with apparatus for the photographicexposure, on a plate, film or other sensitized surface, of the matricesof the general form commonly used in such machines but having theircharacters on the flat or broad side thereof.

It has been attempted to accomplish this result by photographing wholelines of matrices as a unit or entirety. Such a method however isimpractical because of numerous inherent defects among which may bementioned the necessity of using a wide angle lens with resultingaberration and distortion of the reproduced characters in difierentportions of the line, and the lack of sufiicient illumination andcontrast of the character images and consequent failure to reproduce thelines of the characters with the high degree of definition required forgood typography, due to the location of the characters to be reproducedon the edges of the matrices in the line, whether reflecting ortransparent type characters are employed.

. In order to overcome such defects, a method has already been proposedin which the matrices are removed singly and successively from composedmatrix lines, justified by spacers to a desired line length and thenphotographically exposed individually at a common point, thus en- 5abling the characters to be reproduced without distortion and with therequisite degree of definition, the slack left in the composed lineafter removal of each matrix for exposure of its character being takenup by pushing together the matrices remaining in the line, and suchclosingup motion being transmitted in accordance with each character andspace to the sensitized surface which is thereby advanced into positionfor each succeeding photographic exposure.

According to the present invention, these advantages of characterreproduction without distortion and with the requisite degree ofdefinition are achieved, but the film or other sensitized 5 surface doesnot advance for each new exposure but, instead, thesensitized surfaceremains stationary during the photographing of each line, each matrix inthe line being presented for exposure at a new photographing positiondetermined in each instance by the justified position of the matrix, andcorrespondingly of its character, in the composed line.

Preferably, each matrix is removed or displaced from the line and movedrelatively to the sensitized surface to bring it into photographingposition, and for thus moving the matrices relatively to the sensitizedsurface, the motion due to the closing up of the line after removal ofeach matrix and justifying spacer, is transmitted step by step to a stopdevice connected to the line 10 closing device, such stop carrying thelens and light source with it to each new photographing position alongthe aperture of the camera. During the step by step advance of the stopdevice, the line is retained in justified condition so 15 thatsuccessive exposure positions determined by the stop device correspondexactly to the justified location of the respective matrices and thus totheir characters in the composed line.

By thus connecting together the line closing 2 device and the stopdevice for coordinated action in controlling movement of the matrices toprogressively located exposure positions, such inaccuracies as mightarise from wear and lost motion in the more complicated mechanism in- 25volved in extending connections from the matrix line for moving theremotely located film or sensitized surface are avoided, the moving ofthe matrices relatively to a stationary film or sensitized surfaceassuring such perfect accuracy in 30 the location of the characters andof the spaces between them or the words they form that the length of thefinally reproduced line, comprising the justified character and spaceincrements added together, cannot fail to correspond exactly 5 to thejustified length defined by the composed line.

To more specifically point out the advantages of the structure hereindisclosed, it may be explained that the sensitized surface is stationary40 and the only movement necessary to produce each of the successiveexposures thereon is that of the matrix itself, each successive matrixbeing moved under positive control to a new photographing position. Inthe structure previously proposed, according to which the matrices arephotographically exposed individually at a common point, two movementsare necessary for each exposure, namely, movement of the matrix intophotographing position and also movement of the sensitized surface. Theproblem of coordinating these two movements and obtaining the requiredaccuracy of relative locations of itnatrix and film is avoided by thepresent invenion.

In the accompanying drawings, which illustrate thepreferred embodimentof an apparatus for use in carrying out the invention:

Figure 1 is a top plan view, partly in section. of a photographicapparatus, showing a composed line of matrices and spacers and theconnected line closing and stop devices associated therewith forcontrolling progressive movements of the matrices; r

Figure 2 is a vertical section, taken on the line 2-2 in Fig. 1;

Figure 3 is a perspective view of a matrix modified for photographicpurposes in carrying out the present invention;

Figure 4 is a front elevation of a portion of the apparatus as viewedfrom the front in Fig. 1 and from the right in Fig. 5;

Figure 5 is a side elevation, on an enlarged scale, of the apparatusshown in Fig. 1 as viewed from the left in that figure, the camera andlens being omitted; and

Figm'e 6 is a detail vertical section, on an enlarged scale, taken onthe line 5-6 in Fig. 1.

Similar parts are designated by the same reference characters in thedifferent figures.

The line of matrices I and spacers 2, which may be composed in any wellknown form of line composing machine through manipulation of thekeyboard in well known manner, is delivered in any suitable way to achannel-like holder 3, as shown in Fig. 1, this holder having alower-rail l on which the matrices rest and an upper rail 5 on which thespacers hang by their ears 6. The

matrices conform in general with those com-- monly used in linecomposing machines except that their characters a are carried on atransparent film b suitably secured in an opening 0 which extendsthrough the matrix from one fiat side to the other fiat side thereof topermit transmission of light through the film when the fiat side of thematrix is presented for photographic exposure. The spacers 2 are of thegeneral form used in line composing machines comprising two wedge-likemembers 11 and e, the wedge member 11 being longer than the member e andslidable relatively thereto for the purpose of expanding the line ofmatrices and thus justify them to a desired line length in well knownmanner, but for the purposes of the present invention, a side edge ofthe spacer member (1 is bevelled at f, for reasons hereinafterexplained.

The composed line of matrices and spacers is justified in the channel 3between a fixed end wall 1 thereof and a follower 8 which is movablelongitudinally of the channel 3 but normally located at a position alongthe channel corresponding to the desired line length. The matrix line inthe channel 3 is justified by the action of a bar 9 which, at the propertime, is caused to rise and drive the long wedge members (1 of thespacers upwardly, as shown in Figs. 4 and 5. Such driving action isproduced by the upward swing of a lever l0 under the action of 9.Justincation spring lii this lever being pivoted to the machine frame atH and carrying a roller l2 arranged to be acted upon by lobes l3 on acam H, the latter being suitably rotated in the direction indicated bythe arrow. The free end of the lever i0 is pivotally and looselyconnected to vertical rods I5 which carry the bar 9, these rods beingguided in fixed bearings l6. The bar 9 is retained at the highestposition it reaches in justifying the line, for reasons hereinafterexplained, by means of a suitable locking device such as a lever I!mounted on a fixed pivot l8 supported on the machine frame, the lever II having an arm I 9 which extends upwardly therefrom and carries afriction clamp 20 slidable in one of the bearings l6 and engageable withone of the rods l5. During the justifying action of the lever III, theclamp 20 is held out of engagement with the rod l 5 by the action of acam 2| acting on a roller IT on the free end of the lever ll, againstthe action of a spring 22, and upon completion of the upward drive ofthe bar 9, the low portion23 of the cam 2| frees the lever I1 and thusallows the spring 22 to press the clamp 20 against the rod 15, therebyholding the bar 9 in the highest position it reaches in justifying theline. The roller l2 on the lever l0 rests normally on one of the lobesI3 of the cam l4, so that the justification spring I0 is'stretched, andupon rotation of the cam l 4, the spring l0 swings the lever l0 upwardlyto effect the justifying action of the bar 9 on the spacebands in theline in the channel 3.

The film or other sensitized surface for receiving the photographicimpressions of the characters as the individual matrices arephotographi- 2 cally exposed is contained in a casing 25 which may besuitably secured in a stationary position on the machine frame, and thesensitized surface may be in the form of a film 24 mounted on rollers asindicated in Fig. 2 and arranged to move the film in the directionindicated by the arrow in that figure to present a newarea thereof foreach succeeding line. Apart from the line for line advance of the film,the film and its casing remain stationary, it being a feature of thepresent invention that the characters in a given line will be exposed tothe film, one in succession of the other, until the entire composed lineis photographically reproduced, and in order to permit such successiveexposures of the individual characters, the camera casing 25 is providedwith an elongated aperture 25= which may be fitted with a suitableshutter device arranged to open at the successive points of exposure ofthe characters as they are presented for photographing. The particularform of the shutter and devices for operating it form no part of thepresent invention and any suitable and known form of shutter andoperating devices may be used. Thus, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, theshutter mechanism may comprise a member I00 carrying a shutter generallyindicated at [ill of the usual type and operable by means of a Bowdenwire generally indicated at I02, which Bowden wire may be operated insynchronism with the matrix positioning mechanism. Means is provided forpresenting each following matrix removed from the composed line at itsproper photographing position in relation to the stationary film, suchmeans as shown in the present instance comprising a carriage 2'6 whichis mounted to move in a guideway 21 formed inthe machine frame 28. Thiscarriage is connected by a loosely pivoted link 29 to a lever 30, thelatter being pivoted on a shaft iii and having an arm 32 for actuatingit under the influence of a lobe 33 on a rotary cam 34 against thetension of a spring 35. A pawl or carrier 36 is pivoted on the carriage26 on a pin 26 on the carriage, this pawl being movable with thecarriage in a channel 31 in the frame 28. The pawl 36 is forked at oneend, asshown in Fig. 5, to provide a pair of fingers 38 having hooks 39at their ends. The pawl 36 is acted on by a spring 36", in the mannerhereinafter described. A lever 40 is also mounted to swing on the shaft3|, this lever freely engaging at its upper end in a slot in a toothedrack 42, said rack having an arm or carrier generally indicated at 43secured thereto and supporting the lens 44 and an arm 45 sup porting alight source 46, said lens and light source comprisingthe optical systemof the cam-' era, and the rack 42 also carries a stop 41 which isengageable with a face 43 on the movable carriage 26. Lever 46 may bemanually operated to return rack 42 and the optical system carriedthereby to normal or starting position after completion of each line.

A toothed rack 53 is suitably guided to slide in the front wall of thechannel 3, the follower 8 being pivotally connected to this rack, as at8. The rack 50 is geared to the rack 42 by means of pinions 5i and 52mounted on a shaft 53 journalled in a bearing bracket 54. The pinion 52is preferably keyed or otherwise fixed to the shaft ,53, but the pinion5| is preferably splined on the shaft 53, as by means of a sliding keyand keyway 5| so that this pinion may be lifted. out of engagement withthe rack 50 and the latter adjusted to vary the position of the matrixline follower 8 to conform with matrix lines of different lengths andthen re-engaged with the rack bar 50, independently of the rack bar 42.While the follower 8 is connected to the stop 41, through the racks andpinions described, it is sustained against spreading beyond the linemeasure position during justification of the line by a pin 48 which isfixed to a stationary part of the machine frame in the path of aprojection 48 on the rack 42 so that it will hold the follower 8 at thedesired line measure position against the expansion of the matrix lineduring justification.

According to the present invention, after the matrix line has beenplaced in the channel 3 and justified to a desired length between thewall I and follower 3, the matrices are moved relatively to the film orsensitized surface in such a manner that each following matrix ispresented for exposure at a new photographing position and thesucceeding photographing positions in each instance correspond to thejustified position of the matrix and correspondingly of its character inthe composed line. Preferably and as shown in the present instance, suchrelative movement of the matrices with respect to the stationary film isaccomplished by displacing each succeeding matrix from the line andmoving it the necessary greater distance corresponding to its particularphotographing position in front of the film. This is accomplished, inusing an apparatus such as that herein shown and described, as follows:The matrix line is placed in the channel 3 and Justified between thewall 1 and follower 8 by expanding the spacebands in the line by theupward stroke of the bar 9. Since the line is justified against thefollower 3, the follower, through the racks and pinions connecting it tothe stop 41, retains the latter at a position to the right in Fig. 5corresponding to the zero or marginal position denoting the beginning ofthe line to be reproduced on the film, it being noted that the follower8 is held against movement to the right in Fig. 1 during justificationby the pin 48 in the path of the projection 48 on the rack 42 whichcarries the stop 41. When the stop 41 is in this position, the stop 49on the carriage 26 will be engaged therewith under the influence of thelever 30 acted on by the spring 35. In Fig. 5, however, the parts of themachine are shown in the positions which they cccupy after the machinehas started to operate, and rotation of the cam 34 in the directionindicated by the arrow has actuated the lever 30 and moved the carriage26 to the right for engagement of the hooks 39 on the fingers 38 withthe edge of the leading or foremost matrix in the line, the pawl 36carrying these hooks being swung on its pivot 26 against the action ofthe spring 35* sufficiently to permit the fingers 38 to ride over theflat face of the leading matrix and the spring 36 causing the hooks 39to swing into positions to engage the edge of the leading matrix asshown in Fig. 1 when the carriage 26 has completed its stroke to theright in Fig. 5. Continued rotation of the cam 34 causes its lobe 33 topass out of engagement with the arm 32 of the lever 30 whereupon thespring 35 will immediately cause the carriage 26 to move to the left inFig. 5 and to carry with it the leading matrix engaged by the hooks 39of the fingers 38, thereby removing or displacing such matrix from theline.

Such removal of the leading matrix will obviously leave an amount ofslack in the cornposed line standing in the channel 3 corresponding tothe thickness of the removed matrix, and the thicknesses of the matriceswill vary according to the widths of thecharacters which they bear. Asthe carriage 26 moves to the left in Fig. 5, the stop 49 thereon comesinto engagement with the stop 41 on the rack 2, and immediately uponsuch engagement and because of the action of the spring 35 on thecarriage, the rack 42 will be pulled to the left as viewed in Fig. 5.Such movement of this rack will rotate the pinions 5| and 52 and therebymove the rack 50 to the left, as viewed in Fig. l, and such movement ofthe rack 50 will advance the follower 8 and with it, of course, theentire line of matrices and spacers remaining in the channel 3, so thatthe next succeeding element in the composed line in the channel 3,whether a ma trix or spacer, will stand against the fixed wall I Thefirst matrix displaced from the line is thus moved into its properphotographing position with respect to the film or sensitized surface,and the instant the matrix reaches such a position, the shutter of thephotographic apparatus is operated so that through the medium of lightfrom the light source 48 and the lens 44 which focuses the character onthe matrix thus positioned, said character will be reproducedphotographically on the film. Immediately after the exposure of thecharacter on the first matrix, the cam 34, which rotates at a speed justsuflicient to permit such exposure, will arrive at a position where itslobe 33 will again actuate-the lever 30 to move the carriage 26 to theright (Fig. 5) for engagement with the nextmatrix and to then releasethe lever 30 to permit it to operate under the influence of the spring35. Thus, the second matrix is removed or displaced from the line,

.and its displacement from the leading end of the line will produce atthat point a space corresponding to the thickness of the displacedmatrix, and such space will be taken up immediately upon engagement ofthe carriage 26 against the stop 47, such engagement againpushing theline together by movement of the follower 8, through the connectingracks and pinions. ,The second matrix displaced from the line will thusbe located further along the channel 3'] than was the matrix firstdisplaced or in other words will be located at a new photographingposition, and such position will be de-v termined by the position thesecond matrix occupied in the composed line when Justified. This processof displacement of the matrices singly and successively from the lineand movement of the matrices to successive photographing positionscorresponding with the positions occupied by the respective-matrices inthe justified line, will be repeated until the entire composed line hasbeen dissipated and the characters of the individual matrices as theyare brought to the successive photographing positions along the channel3i have been exposed photographically. After exposure of each matrix, itremains in the channel 3'! and will be pushed together with precedingmatrices further along this channel by the displacement of the nextmatrix from the line, and the matrices may be discharged from thechannel 3'! to any suitable means for disposing of them, as for examplethe matrix distributing devices such as are used on ordinary linecomposing machines.

Since the spacers used in the composed line determine the justifiedpositions of the matrices therein and the space to be provided betweenthe words in the line as reproduced on the film or sensitized surface,the space occupied by such spacers after justification of the line mustbe preserved throughout the photographic reproduction of the characterson the succeeding matrices in order that the length of the reproducedline will correspond exactly to the justified length of the composedline. To so preserve the line in justified condition, the justificationbar it is retained by the friction clamp 20 in the uppermost or highestposition it reached under the influence of the justification cam H ashereinbefore explained. Accordingly, as the entire line of matrices andspacers remaining in the channel 3 is moved toward the left as viewed inFig, 4 each time an element is displaced from the leading end of theline, the lower ends of the wedge members at of the spacebands willslide toward the left along the bar 9, as viewed in Fig. d. When aspaceband becomes the leading element in the line, its leading face willrest against the fixed wall 1, and at that time the lower end of thespaceband member it will have passed beyond the left hand end .of thebar 9, as shown in Fig. 6, where it will no longer be supported by thejustification bar. In order to prevent a spacer from thus dropping bygravity after the matrix immediately in front of it has been displacedfrom the leading end of the line, upper and lower pawls and 56 areprovided, these pawls being pinned or otherwise fixed to short shafts 58pivoted in bearings on the end of the channel 3, the shafts 58beingconnected pivotally for simultaneous rotation by a link 5?. Theupper shaft 56 has an arm 59 pinned thereon, this arm carrying a roller60 which, when the carriage 26 occupies its right hand position as shownin Fig. 5 due to the action of the lobe 33 of the cam 34 on the arm 32of the lever 30, rests on a rise or cam surface 68 on the upper edge ofthe pawl 36. Thus, each time the carriage 26 shifts to the right, asshown in Fig. 5, to engage and displace another element from the leadingend of the line, the pawls 55 and 56 will be rocked to the full linepositions shown in Fig. 6. However, as soon as the carriage 26 shifts tothe left (Fig. 5) under the action of the spring 35, the roller 60 willbe released from the rise or cam surface 6| and, under the influence ofa tension spring 62, the pawls 55 and 56 will be swung into the dottedline position shown in Fig. 6. Should the leading element in the line bea. spacer, the pawls 55 and 56 will yieldingly engage the leading faceof such element immediately upon the advance of such spacer elementagainst the wall 1. Such engagement of the pawls with a spacer elementwill prevent the long wedge member d thereof from sliding downwardly andwill also prevent the spacer from dropping by gravity through thedownwardly turned portion of the channel 2 until the carriage 26 againmoves to its extreme right hand position shown in Fig. 5, at which timethe roller 66 will again ride up on the rise or cam surface 6| on thecarriage and rock the connected pawls 55 and 56 out of engagement withthe spacer.

By thus retaining a leading spacer in the line after the matriximmediately preceding it is moved out ofthe line to its photographingposition, the thickness of the spacer thus retained, or in other wordsthe space occupied in the justifiecl line by the expanded spacer, ismeasured before the spacer drops out of the line, thus providing for theadvance of the matrix following such spacer to a photographing positionfurther along the film through a distance equal or proportionate to thejustified space produced by the spacer in the composed line.

It will be noted that the front edge of each spacer element is bevelled,as indicated at f in Fig, 1, so that when the carriage 26 moves to theright to remove the next leading element from the line and such elementis a spacer about to drop into the downwardly extending portion of thechannel '4! due to release by the pawls 55 and 56, the hooks 39 of thefingers 38 will ride freely past the falling spacer when said carriagemakes its next stroke to the left. By the time the carriage 26 engagesthe stop 41, the released spacer will have dropped in channel 2 clear ofthe line, and the stop 41 will of course be advanced a distance equal tothe thickness of such spacer in its'justified condition, or until the.matrix in the line immediately following the released spacer standsagainst the wall 1 under the pushing or line closing action of thefollower 8.

It will be noted in Figs. 4 and 6 that the ears 6 of the spacebands areguided in the groove 2- and that at the left hand end of the channel Ithis groove turns downwardly in order to guide the spacebands by theirears when they are finally released by the pawls 55 and 56 and drop bygravity from the left hand end of the channel, from which they may bereturned to a suitable place of storage or otherwise disposed of.

We claim as our invention:

1. Apparatus for producing type matter photographically from composedlines of character bearing elements, comprising a channel having a fixedand a movable end wall for confining the respective ends of the linestherein, a support for a stationary sensitizedsurface disposedperpendicular to the length of said channel, means operative to displacesaid elements singly and successively from a line and to bring eachdisplaced character bearing element into a different photographingposition relatively to the sensitized surface corresponding with therespective positions occupied by such character bearing elements in theline prior to displacement therefrom, and means for photographing thecharacters on said character bearing elements onto the sensitizedsurface while said elements respectively occupy such photographingpositions.

2. Apparatus for producing type matter photographically from composedmatrix lines, comprising a channel to confine such lines endwisetherein, means for displacing the matrices singly and successively fromthe line into photographing positions, means for advancing the matricesremaining in the line after the displacement of each matrix therefrom,and a stop connected to move with the matrix advancing means andcooperable with said matrix displacing means to determine thephotographing positions to which the matrices are displaced.

3. Apparatus for producing type matter photographically from composedlines of character bearing matrices and spacers, comprising a channel tocontain such lines, means for displacing the matrices and spacers singlyand successively from the line into photographing positions, means foradvancing the matrices and spacers remaining in the line after thedisplacement of each matrix or spacer therefrom, means for releasablyretaining each spacer prior to its displacement from the line, and astop connected to the matrix advancing means and movable by the matrixdisplacing means to measure the thickness of a matrix prior to therelease of a spacer by said spacer retaining means.

4. Apparatus for producing type matter photographically from composedmatrix lines, comprising a channel adapted to confine the matrix linesendwise therein, a support for a stationary sensitized surface, acarrier movable relatively to the sensitized surface and supporting anoptical system for photographically exposing the sensitized surface,means for displacing matrices singly and successively from the line intophotographing positions, a follower connected to said carrier foradvancing endwise along the channel the matrices remaining in the lineafter each matrix is displaced therefrom, and means actuated by thematrix displacing means for controlling the movement of said carrier andsaid follower.

5. Apparatus for producing type matter photographically from composedmatrix lines, comprising a channel adapted to confine the matrix linesendwise therein, a support for a stationary sensitized surface, acarrier movable relatively to the sensitized surface and supporting anoptical system for photographically exposing the sensitized surface,means for displacing matrices singly and successively from the line intophotographing positions, means connected to said carrier for advancingthe matrices remaining in the line after each matrix is displacedtherefrom, said matrix advancing means having means for actuating it bysaid matrix displacing means and controlling the movement of saidcarrier.

6. Apparatus for producing type matter photographically from composedlines of character bearing matrices and spacers, comprising a channeladapted to confine such lines endwise therein, a support for astationary sensitized surface, a carrier movable relatively to thesensitized sur face and supporting an optical system forphotographically exposing the sensitized surface, means for displacingthe matrices and spacers singly and successively from the line and formoving the matrices individually into successively located photographicpositions, means for retaining a spacer against displacement during themovement of a preceding matrix to photographing position, means foradvancing the matrices and spacers remaining in the line after eachmatrix or spacer is displaced therefrom, and means connecting saidmatrix advancing means and said carrier for coordinate movement by thematrix displacing means to control the movement of the carrier to eachsuccessive photographing position.

7. Apparatus for producing type matter photographically from composedmatrix lines, comprising a channel to contain the matrix lines, a memberfor displacing matrices singly and successively from the line intophotographing positions, a follower for the matrix line, and a stopconnected to the follower and operable by said displacing member toactuate the follower to advance the matrices remaining in the line afterthe displacement of each matrix therefrom and to correspondingly controlthe extent of travel of the displacing member.

8. Apparatus for producing type matter photographically from composedmatrix lines, comprising a channel to contain the matrix lines, a memberfor displacing matrices singly and successively from the line intophotographing positions, a follower for the matrix line, a travellingstop connected to the follower and operable by said displacing member toactuate the follower, and a relatively fixed stop cooperative with saidtravelling stop for determining the starting point for the travelthereof.

9. Apparatus for producing type matter photographically from composedmatrix lines, comprising a channel to contain the matrix lines, a memberfor displacing matrices singly and successively from the line intophotographing positions, a follower for the matrix line, a travellingstop connected to the follower and operable by said displacing member toactuate the follower, a relatively fixed stop cooperative with saidtravelling stop for determining the starting point for the travelthereof, and means for altering the connection between and therebyadjusting the relative position of the follower and travelling stop.

10. Apparatus for producing type matter photographically from composedlines of matrices and spacebands, comprising a channel to contain suchlines, means for expanding the spacebands to justify the lines in thechannel and for maintaining the spacebands in justifying condition,means for displacing the matrices and spacebands singly and successivelyfrom the line and for bringing the matrices into photographingpositions, means for advancing the matrices and spacebands remaining inthe line after the displacement of each matrix and spaceband therefrom,meansconnected to said matrix advancing means and controlled thereby formeasuring the thicknesses of the spacebands in their line-justifyingcondition prior to their displacement from the line, and means connectedto said matrix advancing means for locating the displaced matrices inphotographing positions corresponding with the positions occupied bysuch matrices in the line prior to their displacement therefrom.

11. In apparatus of the character described, the combination of achannel to contain a composed line of matrices and spacebands, thespacebands having bevelled side edges, and matrix displacing meansmovable transversely of said channel and having hooks engageable withthe side edges of the matrices to displace them from the line intophotographing positions, the bevelled side edges of the-spacebands beingoperative to deflect the hooks and avoiding displacement of thespacebands thereby.

12. Apparatus for producing type matter photographically from composedlines of character bearing matrices and 'expansible spacebands,comprising a channel to contain such lines, means operative to displacethe matrices and spacebands singly and successively from the line and tomove the matrices into successively located photographing positionsrelatively to a sensitized surface, means for expanding the spacebandsto justify the lines prior to the displacing operation, means associatedwith the spaceband expanding means for retaining the spacebands injustified condition during the displacing operation, a follower foradvancing the matrices and spacebands remaining in the line after eachdisplacement operation, and devices connected to said follower andoperable by the displacing means for actuating said follower to therebydetermine the photographing positions to which the respective matricesare moved.

13. Apparatus for producing type matter photographically from composedlines of matrices and expansible spacebands, comprising a channel tocontain such lines, means for displacing the matrices and spacebandssingly and successively from the line and for moving the matrices intodifierent successively located photographing positions relative to asensitizbed surface, justiiying means for expanding the spacebands andfor retaining them in justified condition during displacement of thematrices, a follower for advancing the matrices and spacebands remainingin the line after each displacement thereof, a stop connected to saidfollower for measuring the thickness of each spaceband while retained injustified condition and prior to its displacement, and means operable bythe displacing means to release a spaceband after such measurement, saidstop being controlled by said follower and movable by the displacingmeans at each operation thereof to the respective successively locatedphotographing positions.

14. Apparatus for producing type matter photographically from composedlines containing character bearing matrices varying in thicknessaccording to the widths of the characters thereon and justified byexpansible spacebands, comprising means for displacing the matrices andspacebands singly and successively from the line and for moving thematrices different distances therefrom into successively locatedphotographing positions, means for retaining the spacebands in justifiedcondition during displacement of the matrices, a follower for advancingthe matrices and spacebands remaining in the line after each displacingoperation, and a stop connected to said follower and movable by saiddisplacing means at each operation thereof, said stop being operable tolimit the movement of the displacing means under control of saidfollower according to the respective thicknesses of the matrices and ofthe spacebands in their justified condition and to locate the matricesat each successive photographing position corresponding to theirjustified positions in the line.

15. In apparatus for producing type matter from composed lines ofcharacter-bearing elements having body thicknesses proportioned to thesetwise widths of the characters carried thereby, the combination of,means for holding a composed line of said character-bearing elements,means for successively removing in order the elements from the line topositioning means determining a reproducing position, reproducing meansfor reproducing in line the characters of said elements as they areremoved. and means for progressively moving said positioning means withrespect to said reproducing means amounts proportioned to the bodythicknesses of the successively removed character-bearing elements todetermine the line positions of the reproduced characters.

16. In apparatus for producing type matter from composed lines ofcharacter-bearing elements having body thicknesses proportioned to thesetwise widths of the characters carried thereby, the combination of,means for holding a composed line of said character-bearing elements,means for successively removing in order the elements from one end ofthe line to positioning means determining a reproducing position, meansfor closing said composed line as said elements are removed, said meansdetermining a reproducing position including a movable stop movable byand in proportion to the movement of said line-closing means, wherebysaid reproducing position is adjusted for each element removed from theline,,reproducing means for reproducing in line the characters of theelements successively moved to the reproducing position, said apparatusacting to control the location of said reproduced characters withrespect to each other in accordance with the body thicknesses of theelements.

17. In apparatus for producing type matter from composed lines ofcharacter-bearing elements having body thicknesses proportioned to thesetwise width of the characters carried thereby, the combination of,means for holding a composed line of said elements including relativelymovable jaws for clamping a composed line of elements therebetween,means for successively removing in order the elements from one end ofthe line to positioning means determining the reproducing position ofeach element, means responsive to the progressive closing of said jawscaused by the progressive removal of said elements from the line toprogressively move said positioning means in proportion to the bodythicknesses of the elements removed, reproducing means for successivelyreproducing in line thecharacters of the elements presented to saidpositioning means, and the progressive movement 01' said positioningmeans determining the location of said characters reproduced in linefrom the body thicknesses of said elements.

18. In apparatus for photographically producing type matter fromcomposed lines of character-bearing elements having body thicknessesproportioned to the setwise width of the characters carried thereby andof expansible spacer elements, the combination of, means for holding acomposed line of said elements including relatively movable jaws forclamping a composed line of elements therebetween, means for adjustingthe maximum distance between said jaws to the length of the line to bereproduced, means for expanding said expan sible spacer elements tojustify the composed line to the maximum distancebetween said jaws,means for successively removing in order the elements from one end ofthe line to a photographing position with respect to photographing meansincluding a sensitized surface on which the characters of said elementsare reproduced in line, means responsive to the shortening of said linecaused by the progressive removal of the elements therefrom forrelatively moving said photographing position and said sensitizedsurface in accordance with the body thicknesses of the elements removedto locate the reproduced characters in said reproduced line, and meansfor holding the expanslble spacer elements in the composed line in theirexpanded justifying condition during the shortening of said line causedby the progressive removal of the elements therefrom.

19. In apparatus for photographically producing type matter from acomposed line of character-bearing elements having body thicknessesproportioned to the widths of the characters borne thereby andexpansible spacer elements; the combination of, means for holding such acomposed line including a stationary jaw and a movable jaw opposing saidstationary jaw and normally adapted to urge a composed line of saidelements firmly against said first jaw, movable positioning means forpositioning elements removed from said composed line with reference tophotographing apparatus for reproducing in line the characters of saidelements as they are successively presented to said positioning meansand said photographing apparatus, means for mechanically connecting saidmovable positioning jaw so that movement of the one causes a precisecorresponding movement of the other, a stop for limiting the movement ofsaid movable positioning means in one direction and locating saidmovable positioning means in a position corresponding with the beginningof the reproduced line and also determining the maximum distance betweensaid jaws to determine the justification length of said composed line,means for expanding the spacer elements of said composed line while saidjaws are thus held with the maximum distance between them, means forsubsequently successively removing in order the elements from the lineto said movable positioning means and said movable positioning meansprogressively moving with respect to said photographing apparatus assaid movable jaw moves toward said fixed jaw as said elements areprogressively removed from said line.

20. The photographic method of reproducing a line of type matter on asensitized surface from a font of photographable character-type bearingelements having predetermined dimensions proportioned to the widthvalues of the characters thereon, comprising, composing a line of saidelements, positioning one of said elements of said composed line ofelements with its character in photographic position in the front focalplane of a camera carrying said sensitized surface, said photographicposition being determined by the position of the optical system of thecamera, photographing the character of said element on said sensitizedsurface, moving said optical system along a line while maintaining saidsensitized surface stationary, a selected distance propor-- tional tothe said dimensions of said element and repeating said positioning,photographing and moving steps for each of the characters in the orderof their composition to reproduce in line on said sensitized surface thecharacters of each of said composed line of elements, the space relationbetween said reproduced characters being determined by the moving ofsaid optical system as described.

21. The photographic method of reproducing a line of type matter on asensitized surface from a font of photographable character-bearingelements having body thicknesses proportioned to the setwise Width ofthe characters thereon, comprising, composing a line of said elements,re-

moving one character-bearing element from said composed line of elementsand transferring it into a photographic position in the front focalplane of a camera carrying said sensitized surface, said photographicposition being determined by the position of the optical system of saidcamera, photographing the character of said elements on said sensitizedsurface, moving said optical system along a line while maintaining saidsensitized surface stationary, a selected distance proportional to thesaid body thickness of said element, and repeating the removing andtransferring, photographing and moving steps for each of the charactersin the order of their composition to reproduce in line on saidsensitized surface the characters of each of said composed line ofelements, the space relation between said reproduced character beingdetermined by the moving of said optical system as described.

22. The photographic method of reproducing a justified line of typematter on a sensitized surface from photographable character-bearingelements, the thickness values of which are proportioned to the widthvalues of the characters thereon, comprising, composing a line of saidelements, justifying the composed. line with spacer elements, removingone character-bearing element from said composed line of elements andtransferring it into a photographic position in the front focal plane ofa camera carrying said sensitized surface, said photographic positionbeing determined by the position of the optical system of said camera,photographing the character of said element on said sensitized surface,moving said optical system along a line, while maintaining stationarysaid sensitized surface, a selected distance proportional to the saidbody thickness of said element, and repeating the removing andtransferring, photographing and moving steps for each of thecharacter-bearing and spacer elements in the order of their compositionto reproduce in line on said sensitized surface the characters andblanks f each of said composed line of elements, the space relationbetween said reproduced character being determined by the moving of saidoptical system as described.

RANSOM H. TURNER. LE ROY W. WILLIS.

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